% specimen-tikz.tex -- florilegium's species drawn in TikZ (\usetikzlibrary{florilegium}).
% Under pdfLaTeX pgfmath computes and TikZ draws (pure TikZ, the proof, about 10 minutes);
% under LuaLaTeX florilegium-native.lua draws the same plants with the same random draws,
% computed in doubles (engine=lua, the library's default there), within a fraction of a
% point of pure TikZ's, in seconds. \pgfkeys{/florilegium/engine=tikz} draws in pure TikZ
% under LuaLaTeX too.
% Page 1: two margins' worth of plants, three species each, grown as florilegium-grow.lua
% grows a margin; page 2: each body plan's flower and leaf close up, and one plant through
% the seasons; page 3: every flower form as its plant holds it; page 4: every kind of
% cluster, and one cluster through the seasons; pages 5 and 6: every kind of leaf, by its
% blade, its edge and veins, and compound; page 7: fronds, and one fern through the year;
% page 8: the visitors, one or two of each kind.
% Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Raymond. MIT License.
%   lualatex specimen-tikz.tex
%   extra_mem_top=20000000 pdflatex specimen-tikz.tex
% pdfLaTeX keeps a page's drawing in main memory until the page is shipped out. One strip
% of plants in v1.3's detail takes about 7 million words of it, and the fullest page here
% about 12.5 million, far more than pdfTeX's default 5 million: extra_mem_top raises it
% for the run. LuaLaTeX's memory grows as needed.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=12mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{florilegium}
\pagestyle{empty}
\setlength\parindent{0pt}
\newcommand\traits[2]{% #1 seed, #2 role: a few of the species' traits, for a caption
  \florilegiumspecies{#1}{#2}%
  \florilegiumtrait{plan} #1: \florilegiumtrait{merosity}~parts, \florilegiumtrait{form},
  \florilegiumtrait{inflo}, \florilegiumtrait{color}, for \florilegiumtrait{syndrome};
  \florilegiumtrait{compound} \florilegiumtrait{leafmargin} leaves, \florilegiumtrait{arrangement}}
\newcommand\closeup[2]{% #1 plan, #2 seed: its flower and leaf, and a caption
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \pic at (1.4,1.6) {florilegium flower={seed=#2, role=#1, size=2.6cm}};
    \pic at (3.6,0) {florilegium leaf={seed=#2, role=#1, size=3.4cm}};
  \end{tikzpicture}\par
  \parbox{5.4cm}{\raggedright\scriptsize\traits{#2}{#1}.}}
\newcommand\held[4]{% #1 role, #2 seed, #3 season, #4 what it is: the species' flowers as it holds them
  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.245\linewidth}\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}\pic {florilegium inflorescence={seed=#2, role=#1, scale=1.3, season=#3}};\end{tikzpicture}\par
    \smallskip{\scriptsize #4\\ \textit{#1 #2}}\par\medskip
  \end{minipage}}
\newcommand\visit[4][2.6cm]{% [its size] #2 role, #3 seed, #4 the visitor in words
  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.245\linewidth}\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}\pic {florilegium visitor={seed=#3, role=#2, size=#1}};\end{tikzpicture}\par
    \smallskip{\scriptsize #4\\ \textit{#2 #3}}\par\medskip
  \end{minipage}}
\newcommand\leafof[4][2.9cm]{% [its length] #2 role, #3 seed, #4 what it shows: the species' leaf
  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.163\linewidth}\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}\pic {florilegium leaf={seed=#3, role=#2, size=#1}};\end{tikzpicture}\par
    \smallskip{\scriptsize #4\\ \textit{#2 #3}}\par\medskip
  \end{minipage}}
\begin{document}
{\Large Species in TikZ}\par\smallskip
{\small Each plant is a species sampled from a genome (body plan, the visitor its flowers are
for, the flower, its cluster, the leaf, the fruit) and painted in florilegium's v1.3
hand. Under pdfLaTeX, pgfmath computes every point and TikZ draws it; under LuaLaTeX, Lua takes
the same steps with the same random draws, within a fraction of a point, a hundred times sooner.
Three species share a root, as a margin's main stems do: stems and
the flowers at their tops first, then leaves at the nodes, then branches wherever there is
room, a pale flower of the first behind them.}\par\medskip
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \pic at (0,0) {florilegium plants={plants={3/rose,17/umbellifer,29/mustard}, size=21cm, width=6cm}};
  \pic at (9.3,0) {florilegium plants={plants={3/daisy,17/lily,29/rose}, size=21cm, width=6cm}};
\end{tikzpicture}\par\medskip
{\scriptsize\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\linewidth}\raggedright
  \traits{3}{rose}.\\ \traits{17}{umbellifer}.\\ \traits{29}{mustard}.\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\linewidth}\raggedright
  \traits{3}{daisy}.\\ \traits{17}{lily}.\\ \traits{29}{rose}.\end{minipage}}
\newpage
{\large Each body plan close up}\par\medskip
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{rose}{17}\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{mustard}{3}\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{daisy}{29}\end{minipage}\par\bigskip
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{umbellifer}{3}\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{lily}{29}\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.32\linewidth}\closeup{rose}{29}\end{minipage}\par\bigskip
{\large One plant through the year}\par\medskip
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \foreach \a/\name [count=\k from 0] in {0.3/spring,0.75/summer,1.25/autumn}{
    \pic at (\k*6.2,0) {florilegium plant={seed=17, role=rose, size=8.5cm, width=5.2cm, season=\a}};
    \node[font=\footnotesize] at (\k*6.2,-0.4) {\name};
  }
\end{tikzpicture}\par
{\footnotesize Rose 17 in spring, summer and autumn: its flowers open from the top of the
plant down, so the top is the first to open and the first to turn to hips.}
\newpage
{\large Every flower form, as its plant holds it}\par\medskip
{\small A species' flowers face the way its kind holds them: a rose or a daisy face on, a
pea, a mint or an orchid in profile, bells and columbines nodding, trumpets at a tilt, and a
lily as its tepals are, in a trumpet or swept back. Each is the inflorescence pic at 1.3
times a margin's scale, labeled with the role
and seed that draw it; red and orange flowers are painted in the copper.}\par\bigskip
\held{rose}{6}{0.75}{rose}\hfill
\held{eudicot}{110}{0.75}{wheel of free petals}\hfill
\held{eudicot}{12}{0.75}{wheel of fused lobes}\hfill
\held{daisy}{3}{0.75}{daisy head}\par
\held{mustard}{1}{0.75}{cross of four petals, along a raceme}\hfill
\held{pea}{5}{0.75}{pea flowers, along a raceme}\hfill
\held{mint}{5}{0.75}{two-lipped flowers, along a raceme}\hfill
\held{columbine}{7}{0.75}{columbine, five spurs}\par
\held{heath}{20}{0.75}{nodding bells, along a raceme}\hfill
\held{heath}{8}{0.75}{urns, along a raceme}\hfill
\held{eudicot}{31}{0.75}{tube}\hfill
\held{eudicot}{38}{0.75}{trumpet}\par
\held{eudicot}{16}{0.75}{flat-faced tube}\hfill
\held{lily}{3}{0.75}{trumpet lily}\hfill
\held{lily}{25}{0.75}{lily, its tepals swept back}\hfill
\held{catkin}{1}{0.75}{hanging catkins}\par
\held{monocot}{230}{0.75}{narcissus, a short cup}\hfill
\held{monocot}{463}{0.75}{daffodil, a long trumpet}\hfill
\held{iris}{5}{0.75}{iris, falls and standards}\hfill
\held{iris}{11}{0.75}{orchid, a broad lip}\par
\newpage
{\large Every kind of cluster}\par\medskip
{\small The plant's flowers grow together as its genome says, and they open in order: from
the base up along a raceme, a spike, a panicle or a thyrse, from the outside in across a
corymb, an umbel or a head, from the center out in a forked cyme, and along the coil of a
coiled cyme as it unrolls.}\par\bigskip
\held{any}{6}{0.75}{raceme}\hfill
\held{any}{87}{0.75}{spike}\hfill
\held{any}{147}{0.75}{panicle}\hfill
\held{any}{156}{0.75}{thyrse}\par
\held{any}{34}{0.75}{corymb}\hfill
\held{any}{31}{0.75}{umbel}\hfill
\held{any}{14}{0.75}{compound umbel}\hfill
\held{any}{217}{0.75}{forked cyme (dichasium)}\par
\held{any}{16}{0.75}{coiled cyme}\hfill
\held{pea}{27}{0.75}{round head}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.245\linewidth}\mbox{}\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.245\linewidth}\mbox{}\end{minipage}\par\bigskip
{\large One cluster through the year}\par\medskip
\held{any}{156}{0.3}{spring}\hfill
\held{any}{156}{0.75}{summer}\hfill
\held{any}{156}{1.05}{late summer}\hfill
\held{any}{156}{1.25}{autumn}\par
{\footnotesize Thyrse 156 opens from the base up: in spring the lowest flowers open among
buds, by late summer the lowest have set fruit, and by autumn only the top is still in flower.}
\newpage
{\large Every leaf, by its blade, tip, base and stalk}\par\medskip
{\small A species' leaf is drawn from its traits, which set the blade's outline and how long
it is for its width, its tip and its base, its stalk and the stipules at its foot, its edge,
its veins, and whether its tip curls over. Each leaf here is the leaf pic of the species named
under it, labeled with the trait it shows; the others are that species' own.}\par\bigskip
{\small\itshape Blades}\par\smallskip
\leafof{heath}{174}{linear}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1849}{lanceolate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{2076}{elliptic}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{577}{ovate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{180}{obovate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{854}{oblong}\par
\leafof{eudicot}{344}{orbicular}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{172}{heart-shaped (cordate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{951}{kidney-shaped (reniform)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1051}{triangular (deltoid)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{3263}{arrow-shaped (sagittate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{408}{spear-shaped (hastate)}\par
{\small\itshape Tips}\par\smallskip
\leafof{eudicot}{624}{acute}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{990}{acuminate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{638}{obtuse}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{359}{rounded}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{2612}{notched (emarginate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1519}{with a point (mucronate)}\par
{\small\itshape Bases}\par\smallskip
\leafof{eudicot}{648}{tapering (cuneate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{620}{rounded}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1369}{truncate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{269}{cordate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1487}{eared (auriculate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1561}{oblique}\par
{\small\itshape Stalks}\par\smallskip
\leafof{eudicot}{490}{on a stalk (petiolate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{13}{sessile}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{2961}{clasping}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1180}{small stipules}\hfill
\leafof{rose}{94}{leafy stipules}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{201}{hairy}\par
\newpage
{\large Every leaf edge and vein, and every compound leaf}\par\medskip
{\small\itshape Edges}\par\smallskip
\leafof{eudicot}{257}{entire}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{353}{wavy (undulate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{154}{serrate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{67}{doubly serrate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{151}{toothed (dentate)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{464}{scalloped (crenate)}\par
\leafof{eudicot}{89}{lobed}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{361}{cut deep (pinnatifid)}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{2035}{palmately lobed, three}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{497}{palmately lobed, seven}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1140}{toothed, round}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{2402}{heart-shaped, palmate veins}\par
{\small\itshape Veins and curls}\par\smallskip
\leafof{eudicot}{624}{pinnate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{1424}{arcuate}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{344}{palmate}\hfill
\leafof{monocot}{2}{parallel}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{47}{a curled tip}\hfill
\leafof{eudicot}{278}{a tip bent aside}\par
{\small\itshape Compound leaves}\par\smallskip
\leafof[3.6cm]{rose}{13}{pinnate, leafy stipules}\hfill
\leafof[3.6cm]{pea}{2}{pinnate, a tendril}\hfill
\leafof[3.4cm]{umbellifer}{1}{twice pinnate}\hfill
\leafof[2.4cm]{eudicot}{1011}{palmate}\hfill
\leafof[2.3cm]{pea}{4}{in threes (trifoliate)}\hfill
\leafof[3.6cm]{eudicot}{97}{pinnate, entire}\par
\newpage
{\large Ferns}\par\medskip
{\small A fern's frond is divided once, twice or three times, its pinnae paired inside the
blade's outline above a bare stalk. In spring each frond unrolls from a fiddlehead, the
stalk lengthening first; from summer some fronds turn to show the sori beneath, and a
dimorphic fern sends up a narrow fertile frond.}\par\bigskip
\leafof[6cm]{fern}{11}{once divided}\hfill
\leafof[6cm]{fern}{5}{twice divided}\hfill
\leafof[6cm]{fern}{8}{three times divided}\hfill
\leafof[6cm]{fern}{36}{triangular}\par\bigskip
{\large One fern through the year}\par\medskip
\foreach \a/\name in {0.25/early spring,0.4/spring,0.75/summer,1.25/autumn}{%
  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.49\linewidth}\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}\pic {florilegium fern={seed=20, size=5.8cm, season=\a}};\end{tikzpicture}\par
    \smallskip{\scriptsize \name\\ \textit{fern 20}}\par\medskip
  \end{minipage}\hfill}\par
{\footnotesize Fern 20 unrolls its fronds from fiddleheads in spring, each a little ahead of
the season or behind it. From midsummer its fertile frond stands in the middle, beaded with
spores and painted in the copper, and in autumn a frond turns.}
\newpage
{\large Visitors}\par\medskip
{\small A visitor is sampled from a genome of its own, first its kind, then the traits that
kind has (a butterfly's wing tips, edges, tails and the systems of its pattern, a bee's bands and
hair, a dragonfly's tinted wings, a beetle's spots, a caterpillar's stripes, tufts and horn,
a snail's whorls and spire, a bird's bill). In a margin each plant draws the visitor its
flowers are for, a bee to a bee flower and a hawkmoth to a pale one that opens at dusk,
and none comes to a plant the wind pollinates; a snail climbs a stem, a caterpillar feeds on
a leaf of its own, a dragonfly or damselfly flies by the page's lily or grass, a ladybird climbs a stem, and a small
bird perches on a twig.}\par\bigskip
\visit[2.8cm]{butterfly}{4}{a blue butterfly with tails and a row of eyespots}\hfill
\visit[2.8cm]{butterfly}{1}{an orange butterfly with toothed wings}\hfill
\visit[2.6cm]{moth}{1}{a moth resting with its wings folded like a tent}\hfill
\visit[3cm]{moth}{3}{a brown hawkmoth hovering}\par
\visit[1.7cm]{honeybee}{5}{a honeybee with pollen on its legs}\hfill
\visit[1.9cm]{bumblebee}{6}{a bumblebee with a pale tail}\hfill
\visit[1.5cm]{solitarybee}{1}{a dark solitary bee}\hfill
\visit[1.5cm]{hoverfly}{2}{a yellow-banded hoverfly}\par
\visit[2.6cm]{dragonfly}{4}{a red dragonfly}\hfill
\visit[2.4cm]{damselfly}{5}{a blue damselfly with tinted wings}\hfill
\visit[1.6cm]{beetle}{4}{a blue beetle with striped wing cases}\hfill
\visit[1.2cm]{ladybird}{1}{a red ladybird with seven black spots}\par
\visit[1.8cm]{caterpillar}{3}{a caterpillar with tufts and a horn, on its bitten leaf}\hfill
\visit[1.8cm]{caterpillar}{2}{a looping caterpillar}\hfill
\visit[1.8cm]{snail}{4}{a pale snail with a banded shell}\hfill
\visit[3cm]{perch}{12}{a russet seed-eater with a crest}\par
\visit[3cm]{hummingbird}{1}{a nectar bird hovering}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.72\linewidth}\footnotesize Sizes are free here; in a margin a visitor is
drawn at about its real size enlarged, the small ones most, as an illustrator enlarges them:
a butterfly about 1.3~cm across and a bee 0.8~cm long, as v1.3's, and about three come to a
page.\par\medskip\end{minipage}
\end{document}